Children or child rights www.yarkface.com
“A child is a human being below the age of eighteen (18) years, unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. The term “child” often, mean dependent and non-dependent children. There are no definitions of other terms used to describe young people such as “adolescents”, “teenagers,” or “youth” in international law, but the children’s rights considered distinct from the youth rights for more details go to. www.yarkface.com
Children’s rights
are the human rights given to children with particular attention to the rights of special protection and care afforded to minors. This includes their right to association with both parents, human identity as well as the basic needs for food, universal state-paid education, health care and criminal laws appropriate for the age and development of the child, equal protection of the child’s civil rights, and freedom from discrimination on the basis of the child’s race, gender, sexual orientation, gender, identity, national religion, disability, color, ethnicity, or other characteristics. The field of children’s rights spans the fields of law, religion, politics, and morality. www.yarkface.com
Minors
As by law children who do not have autonomy or the right to make decisions on their own for themselves in any known jurisdiction of the world. Instead their adult caregivers, including parents, social workers ,teachers, youth workers, and others, are vested with that authority, depending on the circumstances. Some believe that this state of affairs gives children insufficient control over their own lives and causes them to be vulnerable. Structures such as government policy have been held by some commentators to mask the ways adults abuse and exploit children, resulting in child poverty, lack of educational opportunities, and child labor. On this view, children are to be regarded as a minority group towards whom society needs to reconsider the way it behaves. Researchers have identified children as needing to be recognized as participants in society whose rights and responsibilities need to be recognized at all ages.
History www.yarkface.com
The United Nations General Assembly adopted the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child (1959), which enunciated ten principles for the protection of children’s rights, including the universality of rights, the right to special protection, and the right to protection from discrimination, among other rights.
Children’s rights law is defined as the point where the law intersects with a child’s life. That includes juvenile delinquency, due process for children involved in the criminal justice system, appropriate representation, and effective rehabilitative services; care and protection for children in state care; ensuring education for all children regardless of their race, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, religion, disability, color, ethnicity, or other characteristics, and; health care and advocacy.
Types of Child rights www.yarkface.com
Children or child have two types of human rights under international human rights law. They have the same fundamental general human rights as adults, although some human rights, such as the right to marry, are dormant until they are of age more than eighteen years, Secondly, they have special human rights that are necessary to protect them during their minority. General rights operative in childhood include the right to security of the person, to freedom from inhuman, cruel, or degrading treatment, and the right to special protection during childhood. Particular human rights of children include, among other rights, the right to life, the right to a name, the right to express his views in matters concerning the child, the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, the right to health care, the right to protection from economic and sexual exploitation, and the right to education.
Children’s rights are defined in numerous ways, including a wide spectrum of civil, cultural, economic, social and political rights. Rights tend to be of two general types: those advocating for children as autonomous persons under the law and those placing a claim on society for protection from harms perpetrated on children because of their dependency. These have been labeled as the right of empowerment and as the right to protection.
in my view these are the basic rights for a child or children
- Provision: Children have the right to an adequate standard of living, health care, education and services, and to play and These include a balanced diet, a warm bed to sleep in, and access to schooling.
- Protection: Children have the right to protection fromabuse, neglect, exploitation and discrimination. This includes the right to safe places for children to play; constructive child rearing behavior, and acknowledgment of the evolving capacities of children.
- Participation: Children have the right toparticipate in communities and have programs and services for themselves. This includes children’s involvement in libraries and community programs, youth voice activities, and involving children as decision-makers.
- Economic, social and cultural rights, related to the conditions necessary to meet basic human needs such as food, shelter, education, health care, and gainful employment. Included are rights to education, adequate housing, food, water, the highest attainable standard of health, the right to work and rights at work, as well as the cultural rights of minorities and indigenous peoples.
Third generation rights
Environmental, cultural and developmental rights, which are sometimes called “third generation rights,” and including the right to live in safe and healthy environments and that groups of people have the right to cultural, political, and economic development.
Amnesty International openly advocates four particular children’s rights, including the end to juvenile incarceration without parole, an end to the recruitment of military use of children, ending the death penalty for people under 21, and raising awareness of human rights in the classroom. Human Rights Watch, an international advocacy organization, includes child labor, juvenile justice, orphans and abandoned children, refugees, street children and corporal punishment.
studies generally focuses children’s rights by identifying individual rights. The following rights “allow children to grow up healthy and free”. Freedom of speech, Freedom of thought Freedom from fear, Freedom of choice and the right to make decisions Ownership over one’s body
Physical rights
Newell (1993) concluded, “pressure for protection of children’s physical integrity should be an integral part of pressure for all children’s rights.”
The Committee on Bioethics of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) (1997), citing the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), asserts “that every child should have the opportunity to grow and develop free from preventable illness or injury.”
The Committee on Social Affairs, Health, and Sustainable Development of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe published a committee report on protection of physical integrity of children.The report identified several areas the Committee was concerned about, including procedures such as “female genital mutilation, the circumcision of young boys for religious reasons, early childhood medical interventions in the case of intersexual children and the submission to or coercion of children into piercings, tattoos or plastic surgery.” The Parliamentary Assembly, meeting in Strasbourg on 1 October 2013, adopted a non-binding resolution that calls on its 47 member-states to take numerous actions to promote the physical integrity of children.
Other issues
Other issues affecting children’s rights include the military use of children, sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography.
Difference between children’s rights and youth rights
“In the majority of jurisdictions, for instance, children are not allowed to vote, to marry, to buy alcohol, to have sex, or to engage in paid employment.” Within the youth rights movement, it is believed that the key difference between children’s rights and youth rights is that children’s rights supporters generally advocate the establishment and enforcement of protection for children and youths, while youth rights (a far smaller movement) generally advocates the expansion of freedom for children and/or youths and of rights such as suffrage.
Child-parent relationship or Parental powers www.yarkface.com
. Parent are given sufficient powers to fulfill their duties to the child. Parents affect the lives of children in a unique way, and as such their role in children’s rights has to be distinguished in a particular way. Particular issues in the child-parent relationship include child neglect, child abuse, freedom of choice, corporal punishment and child custody.There have been theories offered that provide parents with rights-based practices that resolve the tension between “commonsense parenting” and children’s rights. The issue is particularly relevant in legal proceedings that affect the potential emancipation of minors, and in cases where children sue their parents.
shared parenting www.yarkface.com
A child’s rights to a relationship with both their parents is increasingly recognized as an important factor for determining the best interests of the child in divorce and child custody proceedings. Some governments have enacted laws creating a rebuttable presumption that shared parenting is in the best interests of children.
Limitations of parental powers
Parents do not have absolute power over their children. Parents are subject to criminal laws against abandonment, abuse, and neglect of children. International human rights law provides that manifestation of one’s religion may be limited in the interests of public safety, for the protection of public order, health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. www.yarkface.com
